Drainage divide networks – Part 2: Response to perturbations Earth Surface Dynamics DOI 10.5194/esurf-8-261-2020 12 May 2020 Drainage divides are believed to provide clues about divide migration and the instability of landscapes. Here, we present a novel approach to extract drainage divides from digital elevation models and to order them in a drainage divide network. We present our approach by studying natural and artificial landscapes generated with a landscape evolution model and disturbed to induce divide migration. Read more
The benefits to climate science of including early-career scientists asreviewers Geoscience Communication DOI 10.5194/gc-3-89-2020 12 May 2020 Early-career scientists (ECSs) are rarely invited to act as peer reviewers. Participating in a group peer review of the IPCC Special Report on Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate, PhD students spent more time reviewing than more established scientists and provided a similar proportion of substantive comments. By soliciting and including ECSs in peer review, the scientific community would reduce the burden on more established scientists and may improve the quality of that process. Read more
Brief communication: Residence time of energy in the atmosphere Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics DOI 10.5194/npg-27-235-2020 30 April 2020 We deduce that after a global thermal perturbation, the Earth’s atmosphere would need about a couple of months to come back to equilibrium. Read more
Drainage divide networks – Part 1: Identification and ordering in digital elevation models Earth Surface Dynamics DOI 10.5194/esurf-8-245-2020 30 April 2020 Drainage divides are believed to provide clues about divide migration and the instability of landscapes. Here, we present a novel approach to extract drainage divides from digital elevation models and to order them in a drainage divide network. We present our approach by studying natural and artificial landscapes generated with a landscape evolution model and disturbed to induce divide migration. Read more
Authigenic formation of Ca–Mg carbonates in the shallow alkaline LakeNeusiedl, Austria Biogeosciences DOI 10.5194/bg-17-2085-2020 29 April 2020 Dolomite (CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 ) is supersaturated in many aquatic settings (e.g., seawater) on modern Earth but does not precipitate directly from the fluid, a fact known as the dolomite problem. The widely acknowledged concept of dolomite precipitation involves microbial extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) and anoxic conditions as important drivers. In contrast, results from Lake Neusiedl support an alternative concept of Ca–Mg carbonate precipitation under aerobic and alkaline conditions. Read more
Oxygen and sulfur mass-independent isotopic signatures in black crusts: thecomplementary negative Δ33S reservoir of sulfate aerosols? Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics DOI 10.5194/acp-20-4255-2020 27 April 2020 Given their critical impact on radiative forcing, sulfate aerosols have been extensively studied using their isotope signatures (δ 34 S, ∆ 33 S, ∆ 36 S, δ 18 O, and ∆ 17 O). A striking observation is that ∆ 33 S > 0 ‰, implying a missing reservoir in the sulfur cycle. Here, we measured ∆ 33 S < 0 ‰ in black crust sulfates (i.e., formed on carbonate walls) that must therefore result from distinct chemical pathway(s) compared to sulfate aerosols, and they may well represent this complementary reservoir. Read more
Surface water and groundwater: unifying conceptualization and quantification of the two “water worlds” Hydrology and Earth System Sciences DOI 10.5194/hess-24-1831-2020 27 April 2020 We present a blueprint for a unified modelling framework to quantify chemical transport in both surface water and groundwater systems. There has been extensive debate over recent decades, particularly in the surface water literature, about how to explain and account for long travel times of chemical species that are distinct from water flow (rainfall-runoff) travel times. We suggest a powerful modelling framework known to be robust and effective from the field of groundwater hydrology. Read more
Statistical estimation of global surface temperature response to forcing under the assumption of temporal scaling Earth System Dynamics DOI 10.5194/esd-11-329-2020 23 April 2020 This paper presents efficient Bayesian methods for linear response models of global mean surface temperature that take into account long-range dependence. We apply the methods to the instrumental temperature record and historical model runs in the CMIP5 ensemble to provide estimates of the transient climate response and temperature projections under the Representative Concentration Pathways. Read more
Technical note: Preparation and purification of atmospherically relevant α-hydroxynitrate esters of monoterpenes Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics DOI 10.5194/acp-20-4241-2020 23 April 2020 This report describes a simple, safe and effective method to prepare nitrate esters of terpenes (carene, limonene, perillic alcohol, beta-pinene and alpha-pinene) which are key oxidation products in the atmosphere. These compounds are implicated in the formation of secondary organic aerosols. A compilation of the relevant spectroscopic data has been presented. The availability of these compounds and their characterization data will enable further study of the structure–reactivity relationships. Read more
Run-up, inundation, and sediment characteristics of the 22 December 2018 Sunda Strait tsunami, Indonesia Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences DOI 10.5194/nhess-20-933-2020 21 April 2020 This article reports the results of a field survey carried out in the disaster area of the December 2018 Sunda Strait tsunami, Indonesia. It provides data covering run-up heights, inundations, tsunami directions, and sediment characteristics. The data can be used for the validation of hydrodynamic models, and they contribute to a better understanding of the Sunda Strait tsunami caused by the Anak Krakatau volcano. In addition, they are important for spatial planning and mitigation efforts. Read more