Soil: the great connector of our lives now and beyond COVID-19 SOIL DOI 10.5194/soil-6-541-2020 8 December 2020 Humanity depends on the existence of healthy soils, both for the production of food and for ensuring a healthy, biodiverse environment. In the face of global crises like the COVID-19 pandemic, a sustainable soil management strategy is essential to ensure food security based on more diverse, locally oriented, and resilient food production systems through improving access to land, sound land use planning, sustainable soil management, enhanced research, and investment in education and extension. COVID-19">Read more
The pulse of a montane ecosystem: coupling between daily cycles in solar flux, snowmelt, transpiration, groundwater, and streamflow at Sagehen Creek and Independence Creek, Sierra Nevada, USA Hydrology and Earth System Sciences DOI 10.5194/hess-24-5095-2020 7 December 2020 Streams and groundwaters often show daily cycles in response to snowmelt and evapotranspiration. These typically have a roughly 6 h time lag, which is often interpreted as a travel-time lag. Here we show that it is instead primarily a phase lag that arises because aquifers integrate their inputs over time. We further show how these cycles shift seasonally, mirroring the springtime retreat of snow cover to higher elevations and the seasonal advance and retreat of photosynthetic activity. USA">Read more
Long-term historical trends in air pollutant emissions in Asia: Regional Emission inventory in ASia (REAS) version 3 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics DOI 10.5194/acp-20-12761-2020 4 December 2020 A long historical emission inventory of major air pollutants in Asia during 1950–2015 was developed as Regional Emission inventory in ASia version 3 (REASv3). Trends of emissions and changes in source contributions in countries and regions in Asia during these 6 decades were analyzed. REASv3 provides monthly gridded data with 0.25° by 0.25° resolution for major source categories as well as table of emissions by countries and sub-regions for major sectors and fuel types. REAS) version 3">Read more
The Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project Phase 2: large-scale climate features and climate sensitivity Climate of the Past DOI 10.5194/cp-16-2095-2020 3 December 2020 The large-scale features of middle Pliocene climate from the 16 models of PlioMIP Phase 2 are presented. The PlioMIP2 ensemble average was ~ 3.2 °C warmer and experienced ~ 7 % more precipitation than the pre-industrial era, although there are large regional variations. PlioMIP2 broadly agrees with a new proxy dataset of Pliocene sea surface temperatures. Combining PlioMIP2 and proxy data suggests that a doubling of atmospheric CO 2 would increase globally averaged temperature by 2.6–4.8 °C. Read more
Vertical variability of the properties of highly aged biomass burning aerosol transported over the southeast Atlantic during CLARIFY-2017 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics DOI 10.5194/acp-20-12697-2020 2 December 2020 Airborne measurements of highly aged biomass burning aerosols (BBAs) over the remote southeast Atlantic provide unique aerosol parameters for climate models. Our observations demonstrate the persistence of strongly absorbing BBAs across wide regions of the South Atlantic. We also found significant vertical variation in the single-scattering albedo of these BBAs, as a function of relative chemical composition and size. Aerosol properties in the marine BL are suggested to be separated from the FT. CLARIFY-2017">Read more
A microphysics guide to cirrus – Part 2:Climatologies of clouds and humidity from observations Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics DOI 10.5194/acp-20-12569-2020 1 December 2020 To improve the representations of cirrus clouds in climate predictions, extended knowledge of their properties and geographical distribution is required. This study presents extensive airborne in situ and satellite remote sensing climatologies of cirrus and humidity, which serve as a guide to cirrus clouds. Further, exemplary radiative characteristics of cirrus types and also in situ observations of tropical tropopause layer cirrus and humidity in the Asian monsoon anticyclone are shown. Read more
The Aarhus Chamber Campaign on Highly Oxygenated Organic Molecules andAerosols (ACCHA): particle formation, organic acids, and dimer esters fromα-pinene ozonolysis at different temperatures Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics DOI 10.5194/acp-20-12549-2020 30 November 2020 Atmospheric particles are important in relation to human health and the global climate. As the global temperature changes, so may the atmospheric chemistry controlling the formation of particles from reactions of naturally emitted volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In the current work, we show how temperatures influence the formation and chemical composition of atmospheric particles from α-pinene: a biogenic VOC largely emitted in high-latitude environments such as the boreal forests. ACCHA): particle formation, organic acids, and dimer esters fromα-pinene ozonolysis at different temperatures">Read more
Large contribution of organics to condensational growth and formation of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in the remote marine boundary layer Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics DOI 10.5194/acp-20-12515-2020 27 November 2020 Condensational growth of Aitken-mode particles is a major source of cloud condensation nuclei in the remote marine boundary layer. It has been long thought that over remote oceans, condensation growth is dominated by sulfate that derives from ocean-emitted dimethyl sulfide. In this study, we present the first long-term observational evidence that, contrary to conventional thinking, organics play an even more important role than sulfate in particle growth over remote oceans throughout the year. CCN) in the remote marine boundary layer">Read more
Beaching patterns of plastic debris along the Indian Ocean rim Ocean Science DOI 10.5194/os-16-1317-2020 26 November 2020 A large percentage of global ocean plastic enters the Indian Ocean through rivers, but the fate of these plastics is generally unknown. In this paper, we use computer simulations to show that floating plastics beach and end up on coastlines throughout the Indian Ocean. Coastlines where a lot of plastic enters the ocean are heavily affected by beaching plastic, but plastics can also beach far from the source on remote islands and countries that contribute little plastic pollution of their own. Read more
Reviews and syntheses: The mechanisms underlying carbon storage in soil Biogeosciences DOI 10.5194/bg-17-5223-2020 25 November 2020 The 4 per 1000 initiative aims to restore carbon storage in soils to both mitigate climate change and contribute to food security. The French National Institute for Agricultural Research conducted a study to determine the carbon storage potential in French soils and associated costs. This paper is a part of that study. It reviews recent advances concerning the mechanisms that controls C stabilization in soils. Synthetic figures integrating new concepts should be of pedagogical interest. Read more
