Arctic sea level variability from high-resolution model simulations and implications for the Arctic observing system Ocean Science DOI 10.5194/os-18-51-2022 6 April 2022 This study explores the Arctic sea level variability depending on different timescales and the relation to temperature, salinity and mass changes, identifying key parameters and regions that need to be observed co-ordinately. The decadal sea level variability reflects salinity changes. But it can only reflect salinity change at periods of greater than 1 year, highlighting the requirement for enhancing in situ hydrographic observations and complicated interpolation methods. Read more
Dependency of the impacts of geoengineering on the stratospheric sulfur injection strategy – Part 1: Intercomparison of modal and sectional aerosol modules Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics DOI 10.5194/acp-22-93-2022 4 April 2022 The use of different spatio-temporal sulfur injection strategies with different magnitudes to create an artificial reflective aerosol layer to cool the climate is studied using sectional and modal aerosol schemes in a climate model. There are significant differences in the results depending on the aerosol microphysical module used. Different spatio-temporal injection strategies have a significant impact on the magnitude and zonal distribution of radiative forcing and atmospheric dynamics. Read more
Not all biodiversity rich spots are climate refugia Biogeosciences DOI 10.5194/bg-18-6567-2021 1 April 2022 Biodiversity is under threat from the effects of global warming, and assessing the effects of climate change on areas of high species richness is of prime importance to conservation. Terrestrial and freshwater rich spots have been and will be less affected by climate change than other areas. However, marine rich spots of biodiversity are expected to experience more pronounced warming. Read more
Balanced estimate and uncertainty assessment of European climate change using the large EURO-CORDEX regional climate model ensemble Earth System Dynamics DOI 10.5194/esd-12-1543-2021 30 March 2022 This research paper proposes an assessment of mean climate change responses and related uncertainties over Europe for mean seasonal temperature and total seasonal precipitation. An advanced statistical approach is applied to a large ensemble of 87 high-resolution EURO-CORDEX projections. For the first time, we provide a comprehensive estimation of the relative contribution of GCMs and RCMs, RCP scenarios, and internal variability to the total variance of a very large ensemble. EURO-CORDEX regional climate model ensemble">Read more
The ESA MIPAS/Envisat level2-v8 dataset: 10 years of measurements retrieved with ORM v8.22 Atmospheric Measurement Techniques DOI 10.5194/amt-14-7975-2021 28 March 2022 The level-2 v8 database from the measurements of the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS), aboard the European Space Agency Envisat satellite, containing atmospheric fields of pressure, temperature, and volume mixing ratio of 21 trace gases, is described in this paper. The database covers all the measurements acquired by MIPAS (from July 2002 to April 2012). The number of species included makes it of particular importance for the studies of stratospheric chemistry. ESA MIPAS/Envisat level2-v8 dataset: 10 years of measurements retrieved with ORM v8.22">Read more
A simple model of ozone–temperature coupling in the tropical lower stratosphere Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics DOI 10.5194/acp-21-18531-2021 25 March 2022 Balloon and satellite observations show strong coupling between large-scale ozone and temperature fields in the tropical lower stratosphere, spanning timescales of days to years. We present a simple interpretation of this behaviour based on an idealized model of transport by the tropical stratospheric circulation, and good quantitative agreement with observations demonstrates that this is a useful simplification. The results provide simple understanding of observed atmospheric behaviour. Read more
Secondary ice production during the break-up of freezing water drops on impact with ice particles Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics DOI 10.5194/acp-21-18519-2021 23 March 2022 Secondary ice production (SIP) plays an important role in ice formation within mixed-phase clouds. We present a laboratory investigation of a potentially new SIP mechanism involving the collisions of supercooled water drops with ice particles. At impact, the supercooled water drop fragments form smaller secondary drops. Approximately 30 % of the secondary drops formed during the retraction phase of the supercooled water drop impact freeze over a temperature range of -4 °C to -12 °C. Read more
Deep oceanic submarine fieldwork with undergraduate students: an immersive experience with the Minerve software Solid Earth DOI 10.5194/se-12-2789-2021 21 March 2022 We use the Minerve virtual reality software to bring undergraduate students to an unusual field trip at 1200 m below sea level in the Lesser Antilles area. This region is located above an active subduction zone responsible for intense volcanic and seismic activity. In particular, we focus on the Roseau submarine fault that ruptured during the Mw 6.3 Les Saintes earthquake and presented a fresh scarp that the students can analyse and map in VR. They compile their results in a GIS project. Read more
Impact of the melt–albedo feedback on the future evolution of the Greenland Ice Sheet with PISM-dEBM-simple The Cryosphere DOI 10.5194/tc-15-5739-2021 18 March 2022 With the increasing melt of the Greenland Ice Sheet, which contributes to sea level rise, the surface of the ice darkens. The dark surfaces absorb more radiation and thus experience increased melt, resulting in the melt–albedo feedback. Using a simple surface melt model, we estimate that this positive feedback contributes to an additional 60 % ice loss in a high-warming scenario and additional 90 % ice loss for moderate warming. Albedo changes are important for Greenland’s future ice loss. PISM-dEBM-simple">Read more
The blue suns of 1831: was the eruption of Ferdinandea, near Sicily, one of the largest volcanic climate forcing events of the nineteenth century? Climate of the Past DOI 10.5194/cp-17-2607-2021 16 March 2022 An unidentified eruption in 1831 was one of the largest volcanic climate forcing events of the nineteenth century. We use reported observations of a blue sun to reconstruct the transport of an aerosol plume from that eruption and, hence, identify it as the 1831 eruption of Ferdinandea, near Sicily. We propose that, although it was only a modest eruption, its volcanic plume was enriched with sulphur from sedimentary deposits and that meteorological conditions helped it reach the stratosphere. Read more
