Bacterial and eukaryotic intact polar lipids point to in situ production as a key source of labile organic matter in hadal surface sediment of the Atacama Trench Biogeosciences DOI 10.5194/bg-19-1395-2022 27 May 2022 In this study, we investigate the chemical diversity and abundance of microbial lipids as markers of organic matter sources in the deepest points of the Atacama Trench sediments and compare them to similar lipid stocks in shallower surface sediments and in the overlying water column. We evaluate possible organic matter provenance and some potential chemical adaptations of the in situ microbial community to the extreme conditions of high hydrostatic pressure in hadal realm. Read more
The impact of stratospheric aerosol intervention on the North Atlantic and Quasi-Biennial Oscillations in the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) G6sulfur experiment Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics DOI 10.5194/acp-22-2999-2022 25 May 2022 Simulations by six Earth-system models of geoengineering by introducing sulfuric acid aerosols into the tropical stratosphere are compared. A robust impact on the northern wintertime North Atlantic Oscillation is found, exacerbating precipitation reduction over parts of southern Europe. In contrast, the models show no consistency with regard to impacts on the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation, although results do indicate a risk that the oscillation could become locked into a permanent westerly phase. Read more
Using machine learning and beach cleanup data to explain litter quantities along the Dutch North Sea coast Ocean Science DOI 10.5194/os-18-269-2022 23 May 2022 A large amount of marine litter, such as plastics, is located on or around beaches. Both the total amount of this litter and its transport are poorly understood. We investigate this by training a machine learning model with data of clean-up efforts on Dutch beaches between 2014 and 2019, obtained by about 14 000 volunteers. We find that Dutch beaches contain up to 30 000 kg of litter, largely depending on tides, oceanic transport, and how exposed the beaches are. Read more
Magnetospheric response to solar wind forcing: ultra-low-frequency wave–particle interaction perspective Annales Geophysicae DOI 10.5194/angeo-40-121-2022 20 May 2022 Magnetospheric physics is in an extremely vibrant phase, with a number of ongoing and highly successful missions, e.g., Cluster, THEMIS, Van Allen Probes, and the MMS spacecraft, providing the most amazing observations and data sets. Since there are many fundamental and unsolved problems, in this paper I have addressed selected topics of ULF wave-charged particle interactions which encompass many special fields of radiation belt, ring current and plasmaspheric physics. Read more
Multilayer modelling of waves generated by explosive subaqueous volcanism Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences DOI 10.5194/nhess-22-617-2022 18 May 2022 Volcanic eruptions can produce tsunamis through multiple mechanisms. We present validation cases for a numerical method used in simulating waves caused by submarine explosions: a laboratory flume experiment and waves generated by explosions at field scale. We then demonstrate the use of the scheme for simulating analogous volcanic eruptions, illustrating the resulting wavefield. We show that this scheme models such dispersive sources more proficiently than standard tsunami models. Read more
Future water temperature of rivers in Switzerland under climate change investigated with physics-based models Hydrology and Earth System Sciences DOI 10.5194/hess-26-1063-2022 16 May 2022 This study presents an extensive study of climate change impacts on river temperature in Switzerland. Results show that, even for low-emission scenarios, water temperature increase will lead to adverse effects for both ecosystems and socio-economic sectors throughout the 21st century. For high-emission scenarios, the effect will worsen. This study also shows that water seasonal warming will be different between the Alpine regions and the lowlands. Finally, efficiency of models is assessed. Read more
Using neural network ensembles to separate ocean biogeochemical and physical drivers of phytoplankton biogeography in Earth system models Geoscientific Model Development DOI 10.5194/gmd-15-1595-2022 13 May 2022 It can be challenging to understand why Earth system models (ESMs) produce specific results because one can arrive at the same result simply by changing the values of the parameters. In our paper, we demonstrate that it is possible to use machine learning to figure out how and why particular components of an ESM (such as biology or ocean circulations) affect the output. This work could be applied to observations to improve the accuracy of the formulations used in ESMs. Read more
Spatiotemporal patterns and drivers of terrestrial dissolved organic carbon (DOC) leaching into the European river network Earth System Dynamics DOI 10.5194/esd-13-393-2022 11 May 2022 Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) leaching from soils into river networks is an important component of the land carbon © budget, but its spatiotemporal variation is not yet fully constrained. We use a land surface model to simulate the present-day land C budget at the European scale, including leaching of DOC from the soil. We found average leaching of 14.3 Tg C yr-1 (0.6% of terrestrial net primary production) with seasonal variations. We determine runoff and temperature to be the main drivers. Read more
A regionally resolved inventory of High Mountain Asia surge-type glaciers, derived from a multi-factor remote sensing approach The Cryosphere DOI 10.5194/tc-16-603-2022 9 May 2022 Surging glaciers show cyclical changes in flow behaviour – between slow and fast flow – and can have drastic impacts on settlements in their vicinity. One of the clusters of surging glaciers worldwide is High Mountain Asia (HMA). We present an inventory of surging glaciers in HMA, identified from satellite imagery. We show that the number of surging glaciers was underestimated and that they represent 20% of the area covered by glaciers in HMA, before discussing new physics for glacier surges. Read more
Autonomous methane seep site monitoring offshore western Svalbard: hourly to seasonal variability and associated oceanographic parameters Ocean Science DOI 10.5194/os-18-233-2022 6 May 2022 Natural sources of atmospheric methane need to be better described and quantified. We present time series from ocean observatories monitoring two seabed methane seep sites in the Arctic. Methane concentration varied considerably on short timescales and seasonal scales. Seeps persisted throughout the year, with increased potential for atmospheric release in winter due to water mixing. The results highlight and constrain uncertainties in current methane estimates from seabed methane seepage. Read more
