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Statistical analysis to characterize transport of nutrients in groundwater near an abandoned feedlot

Surface water from a lagoon and groundwater samples from 17 wells within and near an abandoned feedlot in northwestern Minnesota, USA, were analyzed for carbon, nutrients, and field parameters.

A simple explanation for the sensitivity of the hydrologic cycle to surface temperature and solar radiation and its implications for global climate change

The global hydrologic cycle is likely to increase in strength with global warming, although some studies indicate that warming due to solar absorption may result in a different sensitivity than warming due to an elevated greenhouse effect. Here we show that these sensitivities of the hydrologic cycle can be derived analytically from an extremely simple surface energy balance model that is constrained by the assumption that vertical convective exchange within the atmosphere operates at the thermodynamic limit of maximum power.

Seasonal variations of sea–air CO₂ fluxes in the largest tropical marginal sea (South China Sea) based on multiple-year underway measurements

Based upon 14 field surveys conducted between 2003 and 2008, this paper shows that the seasonal pattern of sea surface partial pressure of CO₂ (pCO₂) and sea–air CO₂ fluxes differed among four different physical–biogeochemical domains in the South China Sea proper.

Voyager 2 observation of the multifractal spectrum in the heliosphere and the heliosheath

This paper looks in detail at the multifractal scaling of the fluctuations in the interplanetary magnetic field strength as measured onboard Voyager 2 in the entire heliosphere and even in the heliosheath.

Rainfall estimation using moving cars as rain gauges – laboratory experiments

The spatial assessment of short time-step precipitation is a challenging task. Low density of observation networks, as well as the bias in radar rainfall estimation motivated the new idea of exploiting cars as moving rain gauges with windshield wipers or optical sensors as measurement devices.

Arctic stratospheric dehydration – Part 1: Unprecedented observation of vertical redistribution of water

This paper presents high-resolution measurements of water vapour, aerosols and clouds in the Arctic stratosphere in January and February 2010 carried out by in situ instrumentation on balloon sondes and high-altitude aircraft combined with satellite observations.

Quantifying aerosol mixing state with entropy and diversity measures

This paper presents the first quantitative metric for aerosol population mixing state, defined as the distribution of per-particle chemical species composition.

Paleosols in the Transantarctic Mountains: indicators of environmental change

Solid Earth
DOI 10.5194/se-4-451-2013
20 November 2013

Paleosols on unconsolidated deposits are emphasized in this study. Examples are given from the McMurdo Dry Valleys (78° S) and two outlet glaciers in the central and southern TAMS, including the Hatherton–Darwin Glacier region (80° S) and the Beardmore Glacier region (85°30’ S).

Inverse streamflow routing

Here we develop a methodology to invert the routing process, i.e., to derive the spatially distributed runoff from streamflow (e.g., measured at gauge stations) by inverting an arbitrary linear routing model using fixed interval smoothing.

Peak glacial ¹⁴C ventilation ages suggest major draw-down of carbon into the abyssal ocean

Here we present a new, though still fragmentary, ocean-wide Δ¹⁴C data set showing that during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS-1) the maximum ¹⁴C age difference between ocean deep waters and the atmosphere exceeded the modern values by up to 1500 ¹⁴C yr, in the extreme reaching 5100 ¹⁴C yr.

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